Diagnosing Menstrual Problems

Diagnosing Menstrual Problems
Menstruation is a normal process that happens every month in women of reproductive age. During menstruation, blood is discharged. Studies show that a lot of women of childbearing age have health problems linked to menstruation and the time before it. (Reid & Soares, 2018). Susan, a 24-year-old woman (G2P2), has problems before her periods. Based on the facts I have, I think she might have the following:

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PDD) (PMDD)
Mood Disorder Caused by Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a disease that affects about 5.5% of women of childbearing age. Symptoms of PMDD happen during the luteal phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle. (Reid & Soares, 2018). Studies show that PMDD is directly linked to a woman’s period, and that the symptoms can get worse over time. According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), common PMDD signs include changes in mood or emotions, irritability, anger, anxiety, less interest in activities, fatigue, and changes in appetite.

PMS is a disease that affects women of childbearing age. More than 90% of women with PMS experience the symptoms. Changes in sex hormones and serotonin levels at the start of a woman’s period are linked to this condition, according to research. (Crow &Jeannot, 2017). Most of the time, the symptoms are mild and come back in an expected way. Symptoms that are often seen include tiredness, changes in sleep habits, depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and trouble focusing. Depression is the third most likely cause of Susan’s symptoms. Depression is a mood disease that causes psychomotor agitation or restlessness, a flattened affect, and slowing down of psychomotor functions.

How the first diagnosis was made

The exact cause of PMS is still unknown, but it may have something to do with how the brain reacts to normal hormone changes during the monthly cycle. Studies show that the brain responds to changes in the allopregnanolone (ALLO) hormone during the luteal phase, which can cause agitation, anxiety, and bad moods. (Reid & Soares, 2018).

Important Questions

Some questions that can be asked are: Does anyone in your family have sadness or other mood disorders? Have you ever been the victim of sexual abuse or violence in your own home? Has there been a past of drug use?

Management

Diet and exercise should be at the center of the patient’s health teaching. The person should think about cutting back on how much coffee, salt, and sugar they eat. Managing the symptoms can be made much easier by eating more protein and not drinking or using drugs. drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol, which have been allowed by the FDA to treat PMDD symptoms, are two examples of pharmacological interventions. (Reid &Soares, 2018). Non-drug treatments for the patient include ways to deal with stress, coaching (one-on-one and in groups), and alternative treatments like yoga and acupuncture.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5^th ed). American Psychiatric Pub. Washington, DC.

Crow, E. M., & Jeannot, E. (2017). Premenstrual syndrome: Symptomatic and diagnosed prevalence, dualistic treatment approach – a cross-sectional study in Ukraine. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 8, 66.

https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_18_16

Reid, R. L., & Soares, C. N. (2018). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Contemporary diagnosis and management. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 40(2), 215-223. DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.05.018

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