Community Needs and Health Screening Ideas
Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant persons
The conceptual model for the community initiative
Community initiatives are instituted to bring about the desired health outcomes among their people. To reduce perinatal complications due to asymptomatic bacteriuria, a logic model would be ideal to use among the Ocala community, Florida. A logic model is a pictorial representation of the procedures involved in the community initiative. It elaborates why the strategy employed is a suitable solution to the existing health problem. The model details each step towards achieving the desired outcome, indicating clearly how each step will affect the outcome. The chosen activities can be modified at any point during the initiative, if necessary. Click here to see a custom paper on Community need and health screening. The significant components of a logic model include the initiative’s mission, the context under which the initiative is carried out, inputs required for the initiative, the interventions, initiative outputs, and outcomes. For the screening initiative, the logic model would be ideal, as it would address the critical components of the health issue.
The purpose of screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant persons
The significance of screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy is invaluable. Women are generally more susceptible to asymptomatic bacteriuria than men. According to USPSTF (2019), in premenopausal women, the prevalence is between 1 to 6 percent. The prevalence increases to 22% in women more than 90 years old. In pregnant women, USPSTF (2019) estimates the prevalence to be 2 to 10 percent. According to Nguefack (2019), the prevalence can go up to 30% as per studies conducted in developing countries. The screening intends to initiate prompt treatment and minimize complications associated with physiologic changes that lead to increased risk of contracting asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women.
On community assessment, critical factors pertaining to the risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women are evident. According to statistics by World Population Review (2020), the Ocala community is predominantly made of white people, with a population of 43 109 people, translating to 73.57% of the whole population. It is followed by blacks at 11 753 people, translating to 20.06% of the population. Asians and other races are less than 5% of the population. The overall poverty rate in Ocala is 20.33%. However, statistics indicate that, out of the population, most black people live below the poverty line, with 46.13% of them living in poverty (World Population Review, 2020). Poverty is one of the significant risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Therefore, most people in this community are susceptible to contracting it.
Population
The initiative will be conducted among pregnant women living in Dunnellon, and attend their antenatal clinics in Quick Care Med, Crystal River. Pregnant women must be living in the United States of America, Florida State, Marion County. The screening will be conducted on pregnant women on their first prenatal visit, and/or between 12 to 16 weeks of gestation, particularly of the black race, and regardless of the age. The screened population will have to be more than 18 years old and without signs of urinary tract infections. Click here to see a custom paper on Community need and health screening. The general assessment of the community indicates that there are moderate economic and financial resources. However, a critical part of the population still lives below the poverty line, which is approximately 15%, with a higher percentage being black people (World Population Review, 2020). This presents a significant risk of contracting asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant persons.
Location
The initiative will be carried out in Quick Care Med, Crystal River health facility, on Saturday. The central location of the health facility will capture a significant population of pregnant persons living in Dunnellon. Therefore, the screening will have the desired health impact on a large population. Also, the neighborhood is predominantly made of people of the black race; therefore, it will meet the initiative need of screening a higher percentage of black pregnant women.
Urine culture at 12 to 16 weeks or the first prenatal visit will be screened for asymptomatic bacteria. The culture used will be obtained from midstream urine. The screening will be accompanied by relevant health education to the clients. This includes frequent emptying of the bladder, particularly before and after coitus, drinking plenty of water and other fluids to stay hydrated, avoiding the use of perfumed soaps (Aydin et al., 2015).
Outcome Goals
- To reduce the prevalence of complications associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant persons, such as septicemia and spontaneous preterm birth.
- To minimize unnecessary use of antibiotics to treat bacteriuria in pregnancy.
- To improve the overall health status of the community after subsequent screenings.
- To promote excellent health outcomes during the perinatal period, for the mother and the baby.
Cost
The following table provides an estimate of the cost that will be incurred. The attendees will not be charged.
| Item | Cost Estimate |
| Culture plates | $200 |
| culture medium | $300 |
| Papers | $50 |
| Equipment | $500 |
| Rentals | $100 |
| Volunteers | $200 |
| Drinks and snacks | $50 |
| Transport | $45 |
| Health information brochures | $60 |
| Total | $1505 |
Summary
The recommended screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant persons involves urine culture from samples of pregnant women above 18 years old and are not experiencing other signs of urinary tract infections. At the time of screening, it has to be the client’s first prenatal visit or at 12 to 16 weeks of gestation. The benefit of this screening is to initiate prompt treatment in persons with asymptomatic bacteriuria and consequently prevent the associated complications. As a result, there will be improved health outcomes for the mother and the baby and the community. This is in terms of the reduced prevalence of congenital disabilities, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome, preterm birth, and low birth weight.
References
Aydin, A., Ahmed, K., Zaman, I., Khan, M. S., & Dasgupta, P. (2015). Recurrent urinary tract infections in women. International urogynecology journal, 26(6), 795-804.
Nguefack, C. T., Ebongue, C. O., Chokotheu, C. N., Ewougo, C. E., Njamen, T. N., & Mboudou, E. (2019). Clinical presentation, risk factors and pathogens involved in bacteriuria of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of 3 hospitals in a developing country: a cross sectional analytic study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 19(1), 143.
United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). (2019). Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening. Retrieved from https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening#bootstrap-panel–6
World Population Review. (2020). Ocala, Florida Population, 2020. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/ocala-fl-population
