NURS 6521 Week 5 Diabetes and drug treatments discussion post with responses
All types of diabetes share a common factor: the body can’t make enough insulin, leading to high blood sugar (Petersmann et al., 2019). Type 1 diabetes, a genetic issue, typically appears early when the pancreas doesn’t produce sufficient insulin. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes usually arises later in life, often due to lifestyle factors like diet, inactivity, or obesity. It disrupts how the body handles sugar (Petersmann et al., 2019).
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Gestational diabetes emerges during pregnancy, caused by a hormone from the placenta hindering insulin use, creating insulin resistance. Juvenile diabetes, prevalent among kids and young adults, occurs when the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas (Petersmann et al., 2019). Since these types of diabetes have different causes, their treatments vary.
Focusing on type 1 diabetes for this discussion, it’s a genetic disorder marked by low or absent insulin production. Insulin glulisine is a common medication for type 1 diabetes, replacing the body’s insulin. It works similarly to regular insulin, regulating blood sugar levels. Administered intravenously or via insulin pump, it’s crucial to pair insulin glulisine with a diet rich in healthy carbs, proteins, fruits, and veggies. Regular blood glucose monitoring is advised when using this medication.
Short-term effects of type 1 diabetes include hypoglycemia, where blood sugar drops dangerously low. Long-term impacts can damage vital organs, like the heart, blood vessels, nerves, skin, and mouth (Katsarou et al., 2017). Insulin glulisine may cause side effects like rash, itching, facial swelling, breathing difficulty, or chest pain.
In a reply to a peer, it’s mentioned that pregnant women with type 1 diabetes may need to triple their insulin dose due to insulin resistance in the last trimester. They face increased risks of cardiovascular issues, pregnancy-induced hypertension, excess amniotic fluid, and stillbirth due to high blood glucose levels late in pregnancy. To manage type 1 diabetes, proper insulin injection techniques, like rotating injection sites, are vital (Patil et al., 2017).
In summary, diabetes, with its various types, requires tailored treatment approaches, highlighting the importance of understanding each type’s unique characteristics and corresponding management strategies.
NURS 6521 Week 5 Diabetes and drug treatments discussion post with responses
The common feature in all types of diabetes is that they result from the body’s inability to produce enough insulin, resulting in high blood sugar (Petersmann et al., 2019). Type 1 diabetes is a genetic disorder that often shows up early in life where the pancreas does not make or produce little insulin. Type 2 diabetes occurs later in life and is often associated with lifestyle choices such as diet and lack of physical activeness, or being overweight. Type 2 diabetes impairs the body’s regulation and use of sugar (Petersmann et al. 2019).
Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, where a hormone made by the placenta prevents the body from using insulin, resulting in insulin resistance. Juvenile diabetes is a condition in which the immune system destroys the cells that make insulin in the pancreas. Juvenile diabetes is most prevalent in children and young people (Petersmann et al., 2019). Based on the differences in the causes, the various types of diabetes would warrant varying treatment regimens.
For this discussion, I narrow down on type 1 diabetes. As pointed out, this is a genetic disorder that arises due to low insulin levels or no insulin by the body. Insulin glulisine is the most common medication used to treat type 1 diabetes (Katsarou et al., 2017). This medicine works to replace the insulin that the body produces. Insulin glulisine regulates blood sugar levels in the exact mechanism as regular insulin. The proper way of administering the drug is intravenously or using an insulin pump. It is recommended that patients consume healthy carbohydrates, more proteins, fruits, and vegetables to complement insulin glulisine. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose is also recommended when using the medication. Diabetes and drug treatments discussion post with responses
Short and long term impact of type 1 diabetes
The major short-term impact of type 1 diabetes is hyperglycemia which is low blood glucose that drops severely below level. In the long term, type 1 diabetes can affect major organs in the body, such as heart and blood vessel conditions, nerve damage, and skin and mouth diseases (Katsarou et al., 2017). In addition, it can lead to pregnancy complications. Some of the common side effects of insulin glulisine are that its usage can result in rash, itching, swelling of the face, trouble breathing, and chest pains.
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Reference
Katsarou, A., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Rawshani, A., Dabelea, D., Bonifacio, E., Anderson, B. J., … & Lernmark, Å. (2017). Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nature reviews Disease primers, 3(1), 1-17.
Petersmann, A., Müller-Wieland, D., Müller, U. A., Landgraf, R., Nauck, M., Freckmann, G., … & Schleicher, E. (2019). Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 127(S 01), S1-S7 Diabetes and drug treatments discussion post with responses
6 months ago
xx
RE: Week 5 Discussion post
Happy New Yeaxx
I enjoyed reading your posting this week. I think you thoroughly explained the difference between T1DM, GDM, and T2DM. While researching this topic I found a great article that discuss
T1DM women who become pregnant and have to triple their insulin dosage because their bodies become insulin resistant in the last trimester. The article also discuss the increased risk of
cardiovascular issues during pregnancy for mothers diagnosed with T1DM. In the last half of pregnancy, women with diabetes are more prone to developing pregnancy-induced hypertension
and an excessive amount of amniotic fluid. High blood glucose levels in late pregnancy can also increase the risk of stillbirth. Women with preexisting diabetes are asked to take low dose
aspirin daily, starting at the beginning of the second trimester to decrease the chance of developing preeclampsia (Durnwald, 2020). I will link the article below, I’m sure you will enjoy it. I also found a great article that discuss the predictability of insulin absorption when administered in the abdomen versus the arm or leg. As a provider with a newly diagnosed type 1 school age
diabetic patient, how would you education this patient on managing their condition?
References
American Diabetes Association (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf
Durnwald, C. (202). Patient education: Care during pregnancy for women with type 1 or 2 diabetes.Wolter Kluwer UpToDate. Retrieved from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/care-during-pregnancy-for-women-with-type-1-or-2-diabetes-beyond-the-basics
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice
nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Diabetes and drug treatments discussion post with responses
6 months ago
xx
RE: Week 5 Discussion post
Happy new year to you too xx, Many thanks for your positive comments. Insulin is better absorbed from the stomach as compared to the leg or arm (Tandon et al., 2015). For such a school-going child, I would recommend for him or her to rotate the injection sites to minimize a scenario whereby on injection site will be excessively injected (Patil et al., 2017).
Reference
Patil, M., Sahoo, J., Kamalanathan, S., Selviambigapathy, J., Balachandran, K., Kumar, R., … & Ajmal, K. (2017). Assessment of insulin injection techniques among diabetes patients in a tertiary care centre. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 11, S53-S56.
Tandon, N., Kalra, S., Balhara, Y. P. S., Baruah, M. P., Chadha, M., Chandalia, H. B., … & Wangnoo, S. K. (2015). Forum for injection technique (FIT), India: the Indian recommendations 2.0, for best practice in insulin injection technique, 2015. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 19(3), 317. Diabetes and drug treatments discussion post with responses
6 months ago
xx
RE: Week 5 Discussion post
Corrected response
Happy New Year to you too xx
Many thanks for your positive comments. Insulin is better absorbed from the stomach as compared to the leg or arm (Tandon et al., 2015). For such a school-going child, I would recommend for him or her to rotate the injection sites to minimize a scenario whereby on injection site will be excessively injected (Patil et al., 2017).
References
Patil, M., Sahoo, J., Kamalanathan, S., Selviambigapathy, J., Balachandran, K., Kumar, R., … & Ajmal, K. (2017). Assessment of insulin injection techniques among diabetes patients in a tertiary care centre. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 11, S53-S56.
Tandon, N., Kalra, S., Balhara, Y. P. S., Baruah, M. P., Chadha, M., Chandalia, H. B., … & Wangnoo, S. K. (2015). Forum for injection technique (FIT), India: the Indian recommendations 2.0, for best practice in insulin injection technique, 2015. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 19(3), 317. Diabetes and drug treatments discussion post with responses
Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments
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Each year, 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2019). If left untreated, diabetic patients are at risk for several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. There are various methods for treating diabetes, many of which include some form of drug therapy. The type of diabetes as well as the patient’s behavior factors will impact treatment recommendations.
For this Discussion, you compare types of diabetes, including drug treatments for type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.
Reference: American Diabetes Association. (2019). Statistics about diabetes. Retrieved from http://diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/
To Prepare
- Review the Resources for this module and reflect on differences between types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.
- Select one type of diabetes to focus on for this Discussion.
- Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.
- Think about the short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients, including effects of drug treatments.
By Day 3 of Week 5
Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.
By Day 6 of Week 5
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected a different type of diabetes than you did. Provide recommendations for alternative drug treatments and patient education strategies for treatment and management.
Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link, and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!
