How to write a nursing essay on BL1004: Cellular and Genetic Framework study (Solved)

How to write a nursing essay on BL1004: Cellular and Genetic Framework study (Solved)

Study prompt: In this module, you investigate cellular reproduction, genetics, and inheritance. As you\’ve seen in your reading, there are two basic types of cellular reproduction in Eukaryotic cells. As we grow and age, almost all of our cells will reproduce (e.g., split into two identical copies) at some point. This process is called mitosis. Here is a cartoon of mitosis in a cell that only has two chromosomes (or cells have 46):

Notice the mitosis is divided into various stages depending upon the status of the DNA in the cell. Your text goes into detail about the various stages, and you should be sure to understand the process. However, there is a variation of mitosis that applies to the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells). Gametes or sex cells (i.e., egg and sperm cells) are haploid, which means that they carry 1/2 of the full complement of our genetic code or genome. For our cells to produce sex cells or gametes, they undergo meiosis. Here is a cartoon of meiosis.

https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-meiosis

Now observe at the end of meiosis, we have four rather than two daughter cells and these daughter cells are gametes. Gametes or sex cells (i.e., egg and sperm cells) are haploid, which means that they carry 1/2 of the full complement of our genetic code or genome. Since every individual grows out of the synthesis of two haploid cells, they have a full set of chromosomes and diploid. The 1/2 of the genes that each individual inherits from each parent is essentially random. This means that each child produced by the cross between two people is just one of many different possible genetic combinations. Punnett Square is a simple technique for tracking the possible types of offspring two parents can produce concerning only one of the genes inherited by the offspring.

Each gene can come in different forms called alleles, and each allele is associated with other possible traits. Some alleles can be distinguished as either dominant or recessive, which means that they are doing or do not express themselves in the phenotype of a heterozygote individual. Dominant alleles always express themselves in the phenotype, whereas the traits of recessive alleles are only expressed in the phenotype of homozygotes. Mendelian logic is very useful for tracking the inheritance of these types of alleles. A number of essential diseases are primarily associated with single alleles such as these.

Here are several tutorials on how to use Punnett squares. If you have any discomfort with these tools, please view these!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prkHKjfUmMs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1PCwxUDTl8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1PCwxUDTl8&t=1s

Punnett squares are also covered in your textbook. Make sure that you also understand the terms: Allele, phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive, and cross. In particular, be sure you know how to represent a phenotype (one allele), a genotype (two alleles), and a cross (two alleles cross two alleles). Thus, for the alleles shown in the diagram below, there is a dominant allele \”B\” and a recessive allele \”b.\” With these alleles a phenotype is expressed as either \”B\” or \”b\”, a genotype could be \”BB\”, \”Bb\”, or \”bb\”, and the possible crosses could include \”BB x BB\”, \”BB x Bb\”, \”BB x bb\”, \”Bb x Bb\”, \”Bb x bb\”, \”bb x bb\”.

Please do respond after you have reviewed some of the material. What do you find of interest of this new information? Does this help you feel more confident with these materials? Do you have other questions on the subjects covered in this module?

SOLUTION TO BL1004: Cellular and Genetic Framework

What do you find of interest of this new information?

The information provided in this text highlights major components of cellular reproduction and inheritance. It provides more insight into the major difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells. I find it interesting that while mitosis functions to provide a basis for the growth of cells, meiosis functions to produce sex cells. It is interesting that mitotic cells divide once to form two identical daughter cells while meiotic cells divide twice into four daughter cells. Apart from these two processes, I find the punnet square to be an interesting tool to explain various observable traits and their underlying genetic composition. The fact that it almost accurately predicts the outcome of all offspring is amazing. Additionally, the Punnet square only applies in meiosis because it tells the outcome of the alleles.

Does this help you feel more confident with these materials?

Reading this material and watching the youtube videos has increased my confidence in cellular reproduction and inheritance. I now clearly understand the expression of dominant and recessive genes. The punnet square videos have helped me to differentiate genotype from phenotype and how to express genotypic and phenotypic ratios. I have also developed confidence in doing the monohybrid and dihybrid genetic crosses that I initially had a few challenges with.

Do you have other questions on the subjects covered in this module?

One question that I may require a little explanation is why dominant alleles always express themselves in the phenotype, while the traits of recessive alleles only express in the phenotype of homozygotes.

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