Disorders of Veins and Arteries (Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Deep Venous Thrombosis)
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Huether and McCance, (2012) describe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) as a vein disorder in which the venous return is inadequate over a long period. Consequently, individuals present with chronic blood pooling of the veins in the lower extremities and hyperpigmentation of the skin on the ankles and feet. On the other hand, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a disorder that is due to the formation of a clot in a deep vein especially located in the lower limbs, thigh, and pelvis.In the contemporary medical world, such disorders of the veins remain under diagnosed. However, this should not be the case since their healthcare implications for such a mistake is significant that one cannot afford to commit. That is for sure since such conditions when they complicate they result in increased cost of healthcare and in extreme cases. In essence, this paper aims at shedding more light on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of both conditions. Additionally, it will seek to demonstrate how gender influences the development of both conditions. Finally, the discussion will crown it all with two separate mind maps of both disorders. By so doing, a new understanding of these vein disorders is inevitable.
Epidemiology
CVI
Approximately, 6 million Americans are victims of advanced venous disease commonly known as CVI. Such …
DVT
As reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2017),the exact number of persons affected by this condition in the USA is unknown but close to 900,000 people …
Pathophysiology
CVI
Central to the development of CVI are incompetent valves in the veins, venous hypertension and inflammation of the vessel wall that cause back flow of blood in the lower extremities. …
DVT
Central to the development of DVT are three etiological factors commonly termed as Virchow’s triad. They include….
Clinical Presentation
CVI
Characteristic of CVI are clinical features such as dilated veins, edema…
DVT
Precisely, the typical clinical manifestations of this condition are the classical signs…
Comparison of Venous Thrombosis with Arterial Thrombosis
Venous thrombosis differs from arterial thrombosis in a way that is worth noting…
Impact of Gender on the Pathophysiology CVI and DVT
According to Heit, (2015), the female…
Diagnosis and Treatment of CVI and DVT
Diagnosis
CVI. According to Porth & Gaspard, (2015), screening for CVI in both females and males relies on complete patient history,….
DVT. Of the essence to the diagnosis of DVT in both males and females are various techniques…
Treatment
CVI. Ballard, and Bergan,(2013) are of the opinion that treatment of venous ulcers due to CVI…
DVT. The treatment plan of DVT both males and females entails the use of antico…
Mind Map of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Mind Map for DVT
References
Ballard, J. L., & Bergan, J. J.(2013).Chronic venous insufficiency: Diagnosis and treatment. Place of publication not identified: Springer.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Venous Thromboembolism (DVT & PE). NCBDDD | CDC. Retrieved 22 June 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/facts.html
Dintenfass, L., Julian, D. G., & Seaman, G. V. F. (2013). Heart Perfusion, Energetics, and Ischemia. Boston, MA: Springer US.
Eberhardt, R. T., & Raffetto, J. D. (2014). Chronic venous insufficiency. Circulation, 130(4), 333-346.
Heit, J. A. (2015). Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 12(8), 464-474.
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate customed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Porth, C., & Gaspard, K. J. (2015). Essentials of pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Santler, B., & Goerge, T. (2017). Chronic venous insufficiency – a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. JDDG: Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 15(5), 538-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13242
