SOAP NOTE

SOAP NOTE

Name:T.C  Pt. Encounter Number:004/18
Date:01/22/2018 Age:72 Sex:Male.
SUBJECTIVE
CC:  The patient complained of the following: difficulty in breathing, cough that is persistent and worsening, production of sputum and wheezing while inhaling and exhaling. He also experience instances of chest pain.

 

HPI: The patient reported that three months ago, he was experiencing similar symptoms and was admitted, treated and discharged with medication and the problem resolved. For about one month, he had been experiencing episodic cough until four days ago when it worsened with the coughs increasing and he started producing sputum. This was accompanied by difficulty in breathing which prompted their coming to the health facility.

 

 
Medications: The patient had been taking ibuprofen 400mg three times a day to relieve him of chest pain and headaches.
PMH

Allergies: No known food or drug allergies.

Medication Intolerances:None.

Chronic Illnesses/Major traumasNone.

Hospitalizations/Surgeries

The patient reports that he has been admitted twice in hospital. The two admissions occurred in July 2015 and March 2017 respectively both due to bronchitis which was treated and he recovered. No history of surgery.

Family History

Mother died of hypertension while the father succumbed to injuries from a road accident. Has a sister who is 77 years old and is suffering from osteoarthritis. The wife is 64 and is having diabetes mellitus. He has two daughters with no medical history.

Social History

The patient retired as a lecturer in a university having specialized in business management. The wife is business lady. They stays together in an apartment with his wife and the house help. He smokes cigarettes and has been using it for the last 18 years.  He uses 6 rolls per day. Both the patient and the family members observes safety measures while using cars and playing games.

ROS
General

The patient reported reduced energy without a significant change in weight.

Cardiovascular

He reported episodes of chest pains especially while coughing. No edema or palpitations.

Skin

The skin is wrinkled with good skin turgor. No reports of bruises, rashes or lesions.

 

Respiratory

Reports coughs and wheezing which has persisted for the last for the last four days. He had also been experiencing shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing. No history of tuberculosis in the patient.

Eyes

No reports of blurred vision or use of corrective lenses.

 

Gastrointestinal

The patient denied instances of abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, nauseas and vomiting.

Ears

No pain or discharge reported.

 

Genitourinary/Gynecological

No urinary symptoms. Had been tested for PSA using the rapid test which turned negative in October 2017.

 

   
Nose/Mouth/Throat

Denied swollen or bleeding gums. No dysphagia or hoarseness of voice. Reported no discharge from the nose.

Musculoskeletal

No muscle pain. No history of fracture, pain or stiffness of joint.

 

Breast

No lumbs on the breast area.

Neurological

Reported episodes of headaches which are on and off for the last two days. No history of seizures.

Heme/Lymph/Endo

He is HIV negative as per the previous test in July 2017. No history of blood donation or transfusion. No swollen glands.

 

Psychiatric

Denied instances of anxiousness, difficulty in sleeping or suicidal ideations.

 

OBJECTIVE
Weight   72 Temp: 98 BP: 113/80
Height : 5.8’’ Pulse: 77 Resp: 20
General Appearance

Health appearing elderly male patient in no distress or low energy. He is alert and well groomed. Has communicate well throughout the assessment period.

Skin

Patient has an intact skin that is clean and warm. No rashes, lesions or bruises noted.

HEENT

Head: Normocephalic. Eyes: No discharge, the pupils are equal and reacts to light. Ears: the patient is able to hear well, the canals are patent and normal pinna. The tympanic membrane are gray. No discharge was observed during otoscopy. Nose: mild nasal flaring. Neck: Full range of motion. No swollen lymphnodes. All the teeth are present with no bleeding gum. No halitosis.

Cardiovascular.

S1 and S2 are heard. Heart rhythm and rate are regular. No edema on the face or the extremities. The capillary refill time is 2 seconds.

Respiratory

Labored breathing. Symmetrical chest wall. Wheezing heard from patient on both inhalation and exhalation.

Gastrointestinal

No obvious organomegaly or distension in the abdomen. Bowel sounds active in all four quadrants.

Breast

No lumbs on the breast area. No wrinkling or discoloration of the skin.

Genitourinary

Not explored.

Musculoskeletal

Full range of motion is seen on all the four extremities during the period of assessment. No fractures.

Neurological

He has a stable balance and normal gait. The speech is clear.

Psychiatric

The patient is oriented to time, place and person. He is well groomed and maintains eye contact while expressing himself. He answers the questions appropriately.

Lab Tests
Arterial blood gas analysis-Pending.
Special Tests

Spirometry- FEV1=77% and FEV1/FVC=0.5

Chest X-ray- pending.

 Diagnosis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

It is an inflammatory disease affecting the lungs. It causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. This leads to the manifestation of difficulty in breathing, cough with sputum production as well as wheezing. It is attributed to persisted exposure to irritants such as dust, irritating gases and particulate matter such as smoke from a cigarette (Sama et al., 2017). It leads to impaired aeration to the lungs hence reducing the oxygen content in the blood with an accumulation of carbon dioxide.

 

Lung Cancer.

This cancer starts primarily in the lungs. Occurs when the carcinogenic materials lead to abnormal mutation of cells in the lungs to cause inflammation and rapid growth of calls in the lung. The lung cancer destroys the normal lung cells and impairs the lung functions. It may not manifest in the early stages until its advancement. In the advanced stages, it may present with pain that is persistent(Kanai et al., 2016). The patient may experience breathlessness and cyanosis.

Pneumonia.

The patient presents with a cough and rusty sputum production. The patient will also have tachycardia, chest pain, and difficulty in breathing, nausea, and vomiting as well as shortness of breath.

Final diagnosis

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease is the final diagnosis based on the presentation of T.M. He presented with cough, sputum production as well as difficulty in breathing. The patient is also a chronic smoker which is a vital risk factor for COPD. The patient also reports a history of the symptoms with early admissions. This indicates the insidious nature of the condition. Spirometry also shows the obstruction of the airways hence classical to COPD. Differentiation of COPD and lung cancer can further be differentiated via computed tomography.

 

PLAN including education

o     Plan:  

    Further testing

Computed Tomography of the lungs

    Medication

Ibuprofen 400mg three times a day to reduce inflammation of the airway.

Ipratropium nebulizer inhalation solution 500mcg is taken four times a day.

    Education

Will be focused on advising the client to quit smoking which is the irritant and causative factor for the condition. The patient will also be advised on adherence and compliance to medication.

    Follow-up

The patient will be reviewed with X-ray, CT scan and arterial blood gas analysis on the third day for the determination of response to medication as well as for further management.

 

References:

Kanai, O., Fujita, K., Okamura, M., Nakatani, K., & Mio, T. (2016). Severe exacerbation or

manifestation of primary disease related to nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer

patients with poor performance status or brain metastases. Annals of Oncology27(7),

1354-1356.

Ohberg, F., Wadell, K., Blomberg, A., Claesson, K., Edstrom, U., & Holmner, A. (2016). Home-

Based System for Recording Pulmonary Function and Disease-Related Symptoms in

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD-A Pilot Study. SM J Pulm

            Med2(1), 1011.

 

Sama, S. R., Kriebel, D., Gore, R. J., DeVries, R., & Rosiello, R. (2017). Environmental

triggers of COPD symptoms: a case cross-over study. BMJ open respiratory

      research4(1), e000179.