Chronic Kidney Disease
Clinical presentation of chronic kidney disease.
In any chronic disease, symptoms appear gradually as the organ progressively fails to perform its functions. The same case happens in chronic kidney failure; the Glomerular Filtration Rate is observed to reduce progressively over 3months and above to a level of less than 60ml/hour when the normal value of Glomerular Filtration Rate is 125ml/min. With chronic kidney failure, there is a gradual collection of excessive water, toxic substances, and wastes that are usually excreted by the kidney through the glomerular function. It is through this accumulation that the patient presents with signs and symptoms. Production of red blood cells, regulation of blood pressures, calcium, phosphate and Vitamin D, is also impaired contributing to clinical manifestations of patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Accumulation of fluids in the body parts is the common cause of clinical mal-presentation in kidney failure conditions (Delles & Vanholder, 2017).
Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and role of patient history and physical exams in diagnosis.
Treatment
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Patient factors that impact the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease affects people of all ethnic groups and age equally. However, some people are genetically exposed to the risk of being diagnosed with the condition as chronic kidney disease is interrelated to other chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that runs in families.
References
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Elsevier Health Sciences.
Webster, A. C., Nagler, E. V., Morton, R. L., & Masson, P. (2017). Chronic kidney disease. The
Lancet, 389(10075), 1238-1252.
Wouters, O. J., O’donoghue, D. J., Ritchie, J., Kanavos, P. G., & Narva, A. S. (2015). Early
chronic kidney disease: diagnosis, management and models of care. Nature Reviews
Nephrology, 11(8), 491.
